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Black Country
The Black Country is an area of the West Midlands in England, north and west of Birmingham, including Dudley, Walsall and Sandwell. In the Industrial Revolution, it became one of the most industrialised parts of Britain with coal mines, coking, iron foundries and steel mills producing a high level of air pollution.
The 14-mile road between Wolverhampton and Birmingham was described as "one continuous town" in 1785. The first trace of The Black Country as an expression dates from the 1840s and it is believed that name comes from the black soot from heavy industries that covered the area, although the 30-foot-thick coal seam close to the surface is another possible reason.
==Borders==
The Black Country has no defined borders but to traditionalists is defined as "the area where the coal seam comes to the surface - so Brierley Hill, West Bromwich, Oldbury, Blackheath, Cradley Heath, Old Hill, Bilston, Dudley, Netherton, Tipton, Wednesbury and parts of Halesowen and Walsall but not Wolverhampton, Stourbridge and Smethwick or what used to be known as Warley." Today it commonly refers to the majority of the four boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall and Wolverhampton〔 although it is said that "no two Black Country men or women will agree on where it starts or ends".〔〔"Birmingham and the Black Country are neighbouring areas located in the English West Midlands. ... The Black Country has no agreed physical or political boundaries being defined instead of what is it is not, and primarily, by its residents, in opposition to the neighbouring large city of Birmingham" .〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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